Mundakopanishad : ( 12/12/2012. )

SECTION:-1. SLOKAM-8. Tapasa  ciyate  Brahma  tato-nnam-abhijayate, Annat  prano  manah  satyam  lokah  karmasu  camrtam. In  brooding  meditation  or  continuous  thought  ( Tapas),   the total  creative urge  ( Brahmaji)   swells  ( with the very joy of Creation ). From Him  food is produced, from  food  the  prana,  the  mind,  the   Bhuta-s, the  world's and the  Karma-s   and  their fruits. The word Tapas has been very often misunderstood as 'austerity'. The word tapas has come to gather in the folds of iots various significances  austerity also. It is the true scriptural meaning  of 'concentrated thinking' that the word tapas, it seems, has been used here.Sruti elsewhere says "Aikagryam pramam tapah"development of single pointed attention is the Supreme Tapas.  

SECTION-1. SLOKAM-7. YATHORNA-NABHIH  SRJATE  GRHNATE  CA YATHA  PRTHIVYAM-OSADHAYAH  SAMBHAVANTI YATHA  SATAH  PURUSAT  KESALOMINI TATHA-KSARAT  SAMBHAVATIHA  VISVAM. As the spider projects and withdraws [unto itself]  the web, as the herbs and plants sprout out from the earth, as hairs grow on the head and body of man, so from the imperishable Being comes out the universe.

SECTION:-1. SLOKAM-6. YAT  TAD-ADRESYAM-AGRAHYAM-AGOTRAM-AVARNAM ACAKSUH  SROTRAM  TAD-APANI-PADAM, NITYAM  VIBHUM  SARVAGATAM  SUSUKSMAM   TAD-AVYAYAM YAD  BHUTA-YONIM  PARI-PASYANTI  DHIRAH. That which is invisible, unguessable, unoriginality and attribute less, that which has neither eyes nor ears nor hands nor legs --that is Eternal, full of manifestations, All-- pervading, Subtler of the subtle---that  Imperishable  Being is what the wise perceive as Source  of all Creation.   

SECTION:-1. SLOKAM:-5. TATRAPARA,  RG-VEDA  YAJUR-VEDA SAMA-VEDO- ATHARVA-VEDAH SIKSA, KALPOVYAKARANAM  NIRUKTAM  CHANDO   JYOTISAM-ITI ATHA  PARA,  YAYA  TAD-AKSARAM-ADHIGAMYATE. There, the 'lower knowledge'is constituted of  ( the four vedas ) the Rg, the Sama,  the Yajur,  and the Atharva, and the ( six Vedangas) Siksa( phonetics), Kalpa  (code of rituals), Vyakarana ( grammar ), Nirukta ( etymology ), Chandas ( metrics ) and Jyotisa ( astrology ).  Now the 'Higher Knowledge'is that which leads to immortality or  that which goes beyond the word-meaning  in languages.

SECTION:-1. SLOKAM:-4. Tasmai  sa  hovaca ---- dve  vidye  veditavye  iti  ha  sma  yad Brahma-vido  vadanti  pra  caivapara  ca. To him ( Saunaka ) Angira said : 'There are two kinds of knowledge to be aquired, namely, Apara and Para----lower and higher. So say those ( the great seers of the Upanisads ) who know Brahman.'  

SECTION:-1. SLOKAM-3. Saunako  ha  vai  mahasalo - ngirasam vidhivad - upasannah  papraccha Kasmin  nu  bhagavo  vijnate Sarvam-idam  vijnatam  bhavatiti. The great householder  Saunaka  duly  approaching  Angira  in  the  prescribed manner  asked, "What is That, my  Lord, having known  which  all these become known?   

Atharvane  yam  pravadeta  brahma- tharva tam  purova-cangire  brahma-vidyam sa  bharadvajaya  satyavahaya praha  bharadvajo-ngirase  pravaram. The very knowledge which Brahmaji  taught  to Atharva,  he taught  it  to  Angi in ancient days: and he taught  it  to Rishi  Satyavaha---of the Bharadvaja clan and Satyavaha  taught  it  to  Angira--the knowledge  was  so  handed  down  from  the  greater (teacher ) to the lesser ( disciple ).